KALLA-THEADES

The Karlsruhe Lead Laboratory KALLA located at the Institute for Nuclear and Energy Technologies (IKET) of the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (FZK) summarizes experimental activities using heavy liquid metals (HLM) as operation fluid. The KALLA activities covers ADS related aspects as well as aspects related to the development of HLM adapted materials measurement and monitoring tools and design solutions for spallation targets, pulsed ion targets or other metallurgical purposes.
KALLA is embedded in the interdisciplinary environment of the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe composed of specialists in the fields of material sciences, microwave technologies, neutronics and reactor physics as well as applied and fundamental thermalhydraulics.
The experimental field covered by KALLA necessitates a modular structure consisting of several individual facilities, in which single HLM specific issues are investigated experimentally. All of these experimental projects are accompanied by analytical and numerical programs. Within the KALLA project mainly HLM and water facilities are available.

Facility: THEADES

Objectives: The THEADES loop concentrates on thermal-hydraulic single-effect investigations of HLM nuclear systems components in prototypical dimensions which are of vital importance for the design work.

The main objectives are:

• cooling capability of ADS beam windows both in window and window less configuration,
• flow field and surface shape measurements of the HLM in a windowless target configuration,
• cooling of single fuel element(s) and fuel rod bundles
• heat transfer characteristics of different heat exchanger types,
• providing a thermal-hydraulic data base for physical model development and code validation for CFD and system analysis code packages.

Header	Theases
pressure head [bar] max. flow rate [m3/h] max. temp. [°C] PbBi-inventory [litres] No. of test ports max. size of test section [m] installed electric power [kW] operation hours [h] Start-up year	5.9 47 400 4000 4 3.5 1200 3000 2002